Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropharmacology 2345-4202 13 1 2024 01 01 Nephrotoxicity of checkpoint inhibitors; a current challenge e10641 e10641 10.34172/npj.2023.10641 EN Samaneh Zandifar https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5316-8241 Mahshid Imankhan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-9137 Padideh Daneii https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4182-4337 Ali Azarpey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-6288 Leila Alem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-9517 Journal Article 10.34172/npj.2023.10641 2023 06 21 2023 08 25 Immune checkpoint inhibitors work by blocking the "checkpoint" mechanism that tumors use to hide from the immune system, therefore also weakening the immune system. Consequently, checkpoint inhibitors can cause autoimmune reactions, resulting in adverse effects. Prompt identification and management of adverse effects are critical for patients under checkpoint inhibitor therapy due to the potential severity and unpredictability of these immune-related adverse events.