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Submitted: 07 Oct 2018
Accepted: 16 Dec 2018
ePublished: 13 Jan 2019
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J Nephropharmacol. 2019;8(2): e22.
doi: 10.15171/npj.2019.22
  Abstract View: 10231
  PDF Download: 4120

Original

Comparative protective assessments of some antioxidants against cyclophosphamide-induced kidney toxicity in albino rats

Elias Adikwu 1* ORCID logo, Ebinyo C Nelson 2, Abraham Singesi Yambozibe 2

1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding author: Elias Adikwu, Email: , Email: adikwuelias@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: Nephrotoxicity is one of the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide (CP).

Objectives: The aim of this study is to comparatively investigate the protective effects of melatonin (MT), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.

Materials and Methods: Sixty adult albino rats used for this study were divided into four groups (A-D). Rats in group A were treated with water intraperitoneally (ip) while rats in group B (B1-B4) were treated with NAC (10 mg/kg), ALA (10 mg/kg), MT (10 mg/kg) and MT+ALA ip respectively for 5 days. Rats in group C were treated with CP (150 mg/kg) ip on day 5. Rats in group D (D1- D4) were pretreated with NAC, MT, ALA and MT+ALA ip for 5 days before treatment with CP on day 5. Rats were sacrificed on the 6th day. Serum was extracted from blood and evaluated for renal function parameters. Kidneys were removed and used for light microscopic and biochemical studies.

Results: CP-treated rats showed significant (P<0.001) increases in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, potassium, sodium, chloride bicarbonate and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were significantly (P<0.001) decreased when compared to control. Nephrotic changes characterized by tubular necrosis and infiltrations by inflammatory cells were observed in CPtreated rats. However, effects observed in CP-treated rats were significantly abrogated in ALA (P<0.05), MT (P<0.05), NAC (P<0.01) and MT+ALA (P<0.001) pretreated rats when compared to CP-treated rats.

Conclusion: The finding in this study showed that the nephroprotective effects of NA, MT, ALA, and MT+ALA can be ranked as MT+ALA> NAC>MT>ALA


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

This experimental study showed that N-acetyl cysteine, melatonin and alpha lipoic acid had ameliorative impact on cyclophosphamide induced-nephrotoxicity and their nephroprotective effects can be ranked as MT+ALA >NAC>MT>ALA.

Please cite this paper as: Adikwu E, Nelson EC, Yambozibe AS. Comparative protective assessments of some antioxidants against cyclophosphamide-induced kidney toxicity in albino rats. J Nephropharmacol. 2019;8(2):e22. DOI: 10.15171/npj.2019.22

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